2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. PGE synthase

PGE synthase

Prostaglandin E synthase

PGE synthase

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PGE synthase (Prostaglandin E synthase), which converts cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to PGE2, is known to comprise a group of at least three structurally and biologically distinct enzymes. There are membrane-associated PGES (mPGES)-1, mPGES-2, and cytosolic PGES (cPGES).

mPGES-1 is a perinuclear protein that is markedly induced by proinflammatory stimuli and downregulated by anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids as in the case of COX-2. It is functionally coupled with COX-2 in marked preference to COX-1. mPGES-2 is synthesized as a Golgi membrane-associated protein, and the proteolytic removal of the N-terminal hydrophobic domain leads to the formation of a mature cytosolic enzyme. This enzyme is rather constitutively expressed in various cells and tissues and is functionally coupled with both COX-1 and COX-2. cPGES is constitutively expressed in a wide variety of cells and is functionally linked to COX-1 to promote immediate PGE2 production.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-169430
    AGU654
    		Inhibitor
    AGU654 (Compound 44) is a selective mPGES-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.9 nM against mPGES-1. AGU654 inhibits mPGES-1 to block the pathway converting arachidonic acid into prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by COX-1/2, thereby alleviating inflammatory responses, pain, and fever. In activated human monocyte-derived macrophages and human whole blood models, AGU654 selectively suppresses bacterial exotoxin-induced PGE2 production while preserving the production of other prostaglandins. In guinea pig models, AGU654 significantly alleviates fever, inflammation, and inflammatory pain, exhibiting excellent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. AGU654 holds promise as a strategy for studying inflammatory diseases and pain.
    AGU654
  • HY-13568R
    Benoxaprofen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Benoxaprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Benoxaprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Benoxaprofen (LRCL 3794) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that blocks the biosynthesis of inflammatory mediators such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins by inhibiting 5-LOX, PGH2 synthase and cytochrome P-450. Benoxaprofen exhibits significant toxicity: it not only alters cellular redox status, uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and disrupts calcium ion homeostasis, but also causes liver injury through the formation of covalent adducts between its active metabolites and hepatic proteins. Benoxaprofen shows strong phototoxicity under ultraviolet irradiation, and induces erythrocyte lysis, mast cell degranulation and histamine release. Benoxaprofen is widely used in studies of urticaria and related phototoxic mechanisms.
    Benoxaprofen (Standard)
  • HY-30235AR
    Benzydamine hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Benzydamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Benzydamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Benzydamine hydrochloride is a prostaglandin synthase inhibitor, anti-inflammatory, and has also been reported to have antibacterial activity.
    Benzydamine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-W268542R
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (4-AA) is a derivative of antipyrine (HY-B0171). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine acts as a PGE2-dependent blocker and inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can inhibit Cu/ZnSOD. 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can spontaneously bind with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and alter its conformation.
    4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (Standard)
  • HY-116474R
    Viridicatol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Viridicatol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Viridicatol (HY-116474). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Viridicatol is a quinolone alkaloid with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, osteogenic and chondrogenic activities. Viridicatol reduces the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, p38 and STAT6; inhibits MMP-2, MMP-9, NF-κB signaling pathway and PTP1B; downregulates genes related to mast cell activation; and binds to SHN3 to activate the Wnt/SHN3 signaling pathway. Viridicatol inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and promotes osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation. Viridicatol can be used in studies related to fibrosarcoma, allergy, bacterial infection, fungal infection and osteoporosis.
    Viridicatol (Standard)
  • HY-B0890A
    Zomepirac
    		Inhibitor
    Zomepirac (McN-2783-21-98 free acid) is an orally active prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. Zomepirac blocks prostaglandin synthesis and inhibits Collagen (HY-P72147)- or Epinephrine (HY-B0447)-induced platelet aggregation. Zomepirac can be used for the research of postoperative pain and osteoarthritis.
    Zomepirac
  • HY-121428
    Fagaramide
    		Inhibitor
    Fagaramide is a compound extracted from Zanthoxylum bungeanum with anti-inflammatory activity. It is effective against carrageenan foot swelling in rats and mediates its anti-inflammatory effect partly by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Its activity is about 1/20 of that of indomethacin.
    Fagaramide
  • HY-N8458
    Cryogenine
    		Inhibitor
    Cryogenine is an alkaloid originally isolated from H. salicifolia that has anti-inflammatory activity. It inhibits prostaglandin synthetase (IC50=424 μM). Cryogenine (100 mg/kg per day, p.o.) reduces paw edema and the mean arthritic index in a rat model of adjuvant-induced polyarthritis.
    Cryogenine
  • HY-N6257R
    Cafestol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Cafestol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cafestol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cafestol is an orally active diterpenoid and an inhibitor of ERK2. Cafestol has elevated blood lipids, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-diabetic activities. In addition, Cafestol induces tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy, which can be used in the study of cancer.
    Cafestol (Standard)
  • HY-130356
    5-trans U-46619
    		Inhibitor
    5-trans U-46619 is a PGE synthase inhibitor. At a concentration of 10 μM, 5-trans U-46619 inhibits PGE synthase by <20%.
    5-trans U-46619
  • HY-169858
    Prostaglandin E2 Inhibitor 3
    		Inhibitor
    Prostaglandin E2 Inhibitor 3 (Compound 3) is a selectivity microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.2 µM). Prostaglandin E2 Inhibitor 3 has higher selectivity for mPGES-1 than cyclooxygenases (COX)-1/2, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Prostaglandin E2 Inhibitor 3 has anti-inflammatory activity and can attenuate zymosan-induced peritoneal leukocyte migration in mice.
    Prostaglandin E2 Inhibitor 3
  • HY-N6966R
    Ethyl Caffeate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ethyl Caffeate is a natural phenolic compound isolated from Bidens pilosa. Ethyl caffeate suppresses NF-κB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in vitro or in mouse skin.
    Ethyl Caffeate (Standard)
  • HY-137157
    Suprofen L-lysine
    		Inhibitor
    Suprofen L-lysine (TN-762) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
    Suprofen L-lysine
  • HY-N2106R
    Dehydroevodiamine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Dehydroevodiamine is a major bioactive quinazoline alkaloid isolated from Evodiae Fructus, has an antiarrhythmic effect in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Dehydroevodiamine inhibits LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression in murine macrophage cells.
    Dehydroevodiamine (Standard)
  • HY-10439R
    HPGDS inhibitor 1 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    HPGDS inhibitor 1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of HPGDS inhibitor 1 (HY-10439). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. HPGDS inhibitor 1 is a potent, selective and orally active Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D Synthase (HPGDS) inhibitor with an IC50s of 0.6 nM and 32 nM in enzyme and cellular assays, respectively. HPGDS inhibitor 1 does not inhibit human L-PGDS, mPGES, COX-1, COX-2, or 5-LOX.
    HPGDS inhibitor 1 (Standard)
  • HY-N6029R
    Dehydroevodiamine hydrochloride (Standard)
    Dehydroevodiamine hydrochloride is isolated from the leaves of Evodia rutaecarpa.
    Dehydroevodiamine hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-164358
    α-Gracinoic acid
    		Inhibitor
    α-Gracinoic acid is an mPGES-1 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity.
    α-Gracinoic acid
  • HY-139171
    F092
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    F092 is an inhibitor of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (H-PGDS) with a KD value of 0.14 nM. F092 can be used in the study of allergic and inflammatory responses.
    F092
  • HY-122064
    FR20
    		Inhibitor
    FR20 acts as an inhibitor of human microsomal prostaglandin synthase 1 (mPGES 1).
    FR20
  • HY-B0890R
    Zomepirac sodium salt (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Zomepirac sodium salt (Standard) is the analytical standard of Zomepirac sodium salt (HY-B0890). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Zomepirac sodium salt (McN-2783-21-98) is an orally active prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. Zomepirac sodium salt blocks prostaglandin synthesis and inhibits Collagen (HY-P72147)- or Epinephrine (HY-B0447)-induced platelet aggregation. Zomepirac sodium salt can be used for the research of postoperative pain and osteoarthritis.
    Zomepirac sodium salt (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity